Final answer:
After testing various combinations of quarters, dimes, nickels, and excluding the use of pennies, there is no way to make 54 cents from exactly 8 coins using current U.S. currency denominations.
Step-by-step explanation:
To make 54 cents using exactly 8 coins, one must use a combination of nickels (5 cents), dimes (10 cents), and quarters (25 cents). Pennies cannot be used since using 53 of them with one other coin would be the only way to make 54 cents, which would exceed the limit of 8 coins. Similarly, it isn’t possible to use quarters alone or in combination without exceeding 54 cents or having fewer coins than needed.
Here's one way to make 54 cents with 8 coins: You can use 2 quarters (50 cents) and 4 pennies (4 cents). However, this only gives you 6 coins total, and the question requires 8 coins to be used. Since no combination with quarters will lead to an exact 54 cents using exactly 8 coins, let's eliminate quarters.
Let's try using nickels and dimes. Using nickels only, it would take more than 8 coins to reach 54 cents (11 nickels are needed). So, a combination of dimes and nickels must be used. When using dimes, observe that 5 dimes give 50 cents, and then 4 more cents can be added using nickels – but this gives us only 6 coins in total. We need 2 more coins to make 8, so we have to reduce the number of dimes to allow for more nickels.
An example of an 8-coin combination would be 3 dimes (30 cents) and 5 nickels (25 cents), which totals 55 cents. Therefore, to get to exactly 54 cents, we can't use this combination either.
After testing several combinations, we find that it is not possible to make exactly 54 cents using exactly 8 coins with the current denominations available in U.S. currency.