Answer:
d)
Explanation:
The correct answer is:
d. Neither the quartiles nor the standard deviation is strongly affected by an outlier in the data.
Quartiles measure the spread of data by dividing the data into four equal parts. They are resistant to outliers, meaning that extreme values or outliers have minimal impact on the quartiles. Quartiles are based on the rank order of data rather than the actual values.
On the other hand, the standard deviation measures the average deviation of data points from the mean. While the standard deviation can be influenced by outliers, it is not as strongly affected as other measures like the range or the mean absolute deviation. The squared differences from the mean used in the calculation of the standard deviation can be affected by extreme values, but the impact is lessened by the squaring and the averaging process.
Therefore, neither the quartiles nor the standard deviation is strongly affected by an outlier in the data.