Final answer:
In Shirley Jackson's 'The Lottery,' the children collecting stones is a literary device that includes symbolism and foreshadowing, as the stones symbolize the violent tradition and foreshadow their use in the climactic murder.
Step-by-step explanation:
The literary devices used in Shirley Jackson's short story The Lottery, particularly during the scene where children collect stones and then use them for murder, include symbolism and foreshadowing. The stones that the children collect are a symbol of the violence and tradition of the lottery, while their seemingly innocent act of gathering stones foreshadows the violent and deadly purpose they will later serve. Jackson's story uses the idyllic setting of an "average" New England village and the normalcy of its citizens' behavior to initially conceal the horrific outcome of the lottery, only revealing the true purpose of the gathered stones as the story unfolds.