Question

Assign the oxidation numbers of each element given bold in the following chemical species: HCI, NH3, NO3, K₂Cr₂O7, Hg₂Cl2, HgCl2, Al(OH)3, Na3PO4​

Answer 1

Oxidation numbers are assigned to the elements in the provided compounds using standard rules, with the sum of oxidation numbers equating to the charge of the compound.

Step-by-step explanation:

Assigning Oxidation Numbers

To assign oxidation numbers for each element in the given compounds, we follow a series of rules outlined in chemistry. Here's how the oxidation numbers are assigned based on the compounds provided:

• HCl: Hydrogen (H) is +1, Chlorine (Cl) is -1.
• NH3: Nitrogen (N) is -3, each Hydrogen (H) is +1.
• NO3: Nitrogen (N) is +5, each Oxygen (O) is -2.
• K2Cr2O7: Potassium (K) is +1, Chromium (Cr) is +6, and each Oxygen (O) is -2.
• Hg2Cl2: Mercury (Hg) in Hg2^2+ is +1, Chlorine (Cl) is -1.
• HgCl2: Mercury (Hg) is +2, each Chlorine (Cl) is -1.
• Al(OH)3: Aluminum (Al) is +3, Oxygen (O) is -2, and each Hydrogen (H) is +1.
• Na3PO4: Sodium (Na) is +1, Phosphorus (P) is +5, and each Oxygen (O) is -2.

We use these principles: hydrogen is typically +1 except in metal hydrides where it is -1; oxygen is typically -2; in peroxides, it's -1; halogens are usually -1; and in compounds, the sum of oxidation numbers equals the net charge.

Answer 2

HCI: H has an oxidation number of +1 and Cl has an oxidation number of -1.

NH3: N has an oxidation number of -3 and each H has an oxidation number of +1.

NO3: N has an oxidation number of +5 and each O has an oxidation number of -2.

K₂Cr₂O7: K has an oxidation number of +1, Cr has an oxidation number of +6, and each O has an oxidation number of -2.

Hg₂Cl2: Each Hg has an oxidation number of +1 and each Cl has an oxidation number of -1.

HgCl2: Hg has an oxidation number of +2 and each Cl has an oxidation number of -1.

Al(OH)3: Al has an oxidation number of +3, each O has an oxidation number of -2, and each H has an oxidation number of +1.

Na3PO4: Na has an oxidation number of +1, P has an oxidation number of +5, and each O has an oxidation number of -2.