Answer:
B. access to major waterwvays
Step-by-step explanation:
The cities of Pittsburgh, Cleveland, and Chicago all became major industrial centers in the 19th century largely due to their access to major waterways. Pittsburgh is situated at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, which form the Ohio River, providing easy access to transportation and shipping routes. Cleveland is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, which connects to the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway, providing access to the Atlantic Ocean. Similarly, Chicago is located on Lake Michigan, which provides access to the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence Seaway. The availability of water transportation made it easier for these cities to receive raw materials and ship finished products, which greatly contributed to their growth as industrial centers.