Answer:
1. Climate: Moose are adapted to living in cold, boreal forest environments, and they are sensitive to temperature changes. Extreme heat or cold can affect their metabolism and overall health.
2. Water: Availability of freshwater affects moose population density and distribution. Inadequate access to water sources can limit food intake and lead to dehydration, which can reduce survival rates.
3. Food availability: Moose are herbivores that rely on a plant-based diet, and the availability of food sources such as willow, birch, and aspen trees, and aquatic vegetation, can impact their survival, reproduction, and population size.
4. Terrain and habitat: The topography of their environment such as hills, valleys, and swamps can affect mobility and migration patterns. The presence of suitable habitats such as forests or wetlands affects population distribution and survival, as it provides shelter, food, and breeding areas to the moose.
5. Natural disturbance: Natural disturbances such as wildfires, avalanches, and insect infestations can impact the availability of food and water sources, as well as overall habitat suitability, which can reduce moose survivorship.