Answer:
A. Authoritarian.
Step-by-step explanation:
Almost all Southeast Asian countries have experienced authoritarianism to some extent since gaining independence. This includes countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, among others. Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by centralized power, limited political freedoms, and a lack of democratic processes. Many Southeast Asian countries have struggled with political instability, economic challenges, and social conflicts, which have contributed to the emergence of authoritarian regimes as a means of maintaining stability and control. However, in recent years, there has been a trend towards democratization in some Southeast Asian countries, although the pace and extent of this transition vary across the region.