The correct options are a, b and c.
Excessive phosphorus, oxalates, and caffeine can negatively impact bone health by causing bone loss or preventing calcium absorption. Flavonoids are not known to negatively affect bone health and may be beneficial due to their antioxidant properties.
Among the food components listed, the ones that can negatively impact bone health are:
- excessive phosphorus
- oxalates
- caffeine
Excessive phosphorus can lead to bone loss. If you consume too much phosphorus, it can cause your body to pull calcium from your bones to try to maintain a proper mineral balance. When it comes to oxalates, they can bind to calcium and prevent its absorption, thereby negatively affecting bone health. Caffeine can interfere with calcium absorption and lead to bone loss over time.
In contrast, flavonoids are not known to have a negative impact on bone health. In fact, flavonoids possess antioxidant properties that might be beneficial for bone tissue.
It's important to balance the consumption of these components and focus on a diet rich in bone-promoting nutrients like calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin K, as well as practicing other bone-healthy habits such as regular exercise.