Final answer:
The fair use doctrine permits use of copyrighted material without the holder's permission for certain purposes, such as commentary or criticism, ensuring that the usage is reasonable.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fair use doctrine allows you to use copyrighted material for certain purposes, such as quoting passages of a book in literary reviews. Copyright is a form of legal protection granted to creators of original works of authorship, including books and music, which aims to prevent unauthorized copying, particularly for commercial purposes. Under fair use, certain uses of copyrighted material do not require the copyright holder's permission, such as for commentary, criticism, or scholarly work, provided that the usage is reasonable and does not usurp the market of the original work.