Final answer:
The components of the initiation complex for translation in prokaryotes include the small ribosomal subunit, mRNA template, initiation factors, GTP, and a special initiator tRNA. Prokaryotic translation involves N-formyl-methionine and the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, while eukaryotic translation involves methionine and the 5' cap of the mRNA.
Step-by-step explanation:
The components of the initiation complex for translation in prokaryotes include the small ribosomal subunit, the mRNA template, initiation factors, GTP, and a special initiator tRNA. In prokaryotic translation, the start codon codes for N-formyl-methionine carried by a special initiator tRNA. Additionally, ribosomal binding of the mRNA in prokaryotes is facilitated by the Shine-Dalgarno sequence within the mRNA. On the other hand, in eukaryotes, the start codon codes for methionine carried by a special initiator tRNA, and ribosomes bind to the 5' cap of the mRNA.