Final answer:
The phenotypes for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13 are Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, and Patau syndrome, respectively. These genetic disorders are characterized by developmental delays and additional health complications, with severity varying by the type of trisomy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phenotypes of the autosomal trisomies trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13 are known as Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, and Patau syndrome, respectively. These conditions result from having an extra chromosome in each cell, which interferes with normal development and causes various physical and developmental challenges.
In trisomy 21, also called Down syndrome, individuals typically show features such as short stature, stunted digits, a broad skull, large tongue, and developmental delays. Trisomy 18, or Edwards syndrome, and trisomy 13, or Patau syndrome, are associated with severe intellectual disabilities and health issues. Newborns with these syndromes often have complex medical needs and a shortened life expectancy compared to those with Down syndrome. The presence of an extra chromosome in these trisomies can be confirmed by a karyotype, which will display any abnormalities in chromosome number.