Final answer:
Crime scene processing includes creating a crime scene sketch, which becomes key evidence. GIS technology enhances crime analysis through crime mapping and forensic geography. Hot spot analysis via GIS identifies crime concentration areas, helping in law enforcement planning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Crime Scene Processing involves creating a visual representation of the scene, which often includes a crime scene sketch that serves as vital evidence in criminal investigations. This sketch assists investigators and jurors in understanding the spatial relationship of evidence and elements within the crime scene.
Crime Mapping and Analysis employs Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to digitally map crime data, aiding crime analysts in understanding crime patterns and potentially predicting criminal behavior. The utilization of GIS for forensic purposes is an emerging field, sometimes known as forensic geography or crime mapping.
Hot Spot Analysis is a pattern mapping technique that identifies concentrations of criminal activity on a map by calculating buffer zones around each crime point. The overlapping areas are scored, and a color-coded pixel grid map is produced.
This approach enhances the ability of law enforcement agencies to detect areas with higher incidences of crime, contributing to both tactical and strategic law enforcement planning.