Final answer:
The six most common crime scene search patterns are spiral, grid, linear, zone, wheel, and pie, which are selected based on the scene's specifics. Hot Spot Analysis and Geographic Profiling are used to discern spatial crime patterns, while incorporating GIS technology and principles such as distance decay.
Step-by-step explanation:
Patterns for Searching a Crime Scene
Searching a crime scene efficiently is crucial for the recovery of evidence. Investigators typically use several patterns to conduct their searches, adapting the method to the size and nature of the area. The six most common search patterns are the spiral (or circular) pattern, the grid pattern, the linear or lane pattern, the zone (or quadrant) pattern, the wheel or ray pattern, and the pie or wedge pattern. Each of these patterns is selected based on various factors such as the size and layout of the crime scene, as well as potential entry and exit points.
Hot Spot Analysis and Geographic Profiling are two crucial tactics in understanding spatial patterns of crime. Hot Spot Analysis utilizes GIS technology to compute buffer zones around recorded crimes, highlighting areas of high activity using a color-coded pixel grid map. This aids in visualizing patterns of criminal behavior that would be challenging to discern from spreadsheets or reports. Geographic profiling works to identify where a serial offender is likely to strike next by examining spatial patterns and understanding the principle of distance decay, while taking into consideration various factors like the type of crime, individual behavior, and geographical components.
By using these methods, analysts can make educated guesses about the locations of crimes and the areas that need more focused policing efforts. The data gathered from such analyses can also be used in prevention strategies, tailoring approaches to specific areas based on identified patterns.