Final answer:
Heavy wake separation is a physics concept that explains the turbulence created by large objects moving through a fluid, where the Bernoulli principle provides a qualitative understanding, and the interference of waves leads to particular patterns, demonstrated by the bow wake of a duck.
Step-by-step explanation:
When discussing medium behind heavy wake separation, we're delving into fluid dynamics, a subfield of physics that deals with how fluids behave when objects pass through them. This phenomenon can be observed when large objects such as airplanes and sailboats move through a fluid medium like air or water, creating significant turbulence in their wake. According to the Bernoulli principle, the pressure and velocity of a moving fluid are related; however, this principle only gives qualitatively correct predictions in the case of turbulent wakes.
For example, the bow wake created by a duck can be analyzed to understand wake separation. This wake structure consists of constructive interference leading to a visible pattern on the water's surface, while the area inside the wake shows very little wave action due to mostly destructive interference. The interference of waves generated by the moving object results in the complex patterns observed.