Final answer:
The model by Betty Neuman emphasizes the need for dynamic balance or homeostasis, which can be facilitated by the nursing profession using systems theory and humanistic approaches. So, correct option is (a).
Step-by-step explanation:
In the model by Betty Neuman, the emphasis is placed on the concept of humans requiring a form of dynamic balance that can be aided by the nursing profession. Neuman's model focuses on systems theory as it pertains to healthcare, recognizing that individuals strive to maintain a balance within their various physiological and psychosocial systems. This balance pertains to homeostasis and the need to protect oneself or find relief from stress.
Neuman's perspective aligns with the broader humanistic theories in psychology and behavioral science, which prioritize understanding the full spectrum of human needs and well-being. Within the framework of the model, nurses play a crucial role in assisting patients to achieve and maintain their balance or homeostasis, adopting various strategies aimed at caring for the patient and helping them respond effectively to environmental stressors.
This means that nurses play a crucial role in helping patients maintain equilibrium and reduce stress. Neuman's model also emphasizes the importance of holistic care, taking into account not just physical needs but also psychological, social, and spiritual needs. Therefore, options B, C, and D are not specifically emphasized by her theory.