Final answer:
Androgens are sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, aiding in reproductive development and functioning as a supplement to gonadal hormones. They convert into potent androgens or estrogens, affecting sexual characteristics, and contribute to stress responses when working with other adrenal hormones.
Step-by-step explanation:
Function of Androgens in the Adrenal Glands:
Androgens are sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, and are known to promote masculinity. These hormones are important in both males and females, although they are typically associated with male reproductive development. The most known androgen is testosterone which is responsible for the production of sperm and the development of masculine characteristics in males. While the testes produce a larger amount of androgens that primarily drive reproductive development, the adrenal gland's contribution, though smaller plays a supplementary role.
Role of Adrenal Androgens
Within the adrenal cortex, specifically in the zona reticularis, hormones such as DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) are produced. These adrenal androgens can be converted to more potent androgens like testosterone or to estrogens in different body tissues. This conversion is particularly significant in adult females contributing to their sex drive and becoming a main source of estrogens post-menopause as the functions of the ovaries decline. The function in adult males is less understood, and in general excess amounts of androgens can lead to masculinization in females.
Androgens and Stress Response:
Aside from their role in reproduction and sexual characteristics, androgens from the adrenal glands may interact with other adrenal hormones like epinephrine and glucocorticoids to modulate responses to stress suggesting roles beyond the sexual domain. Adrenal androgens supplement gonadal hormones and influence stress-related body functions, illustrating the complexity and interconnectedness of the endocrine system.