Final answer:
The four major macromolecules and their corresponding monomers are proteins (amino acids), carbohydrates (monosaccharides), lipids (diverse group), and nucleic acids (nucleotides).
Step-by-step explanation:
The Four Major Macromolecules and their Corresponding Monomers:
1. Proteins: Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are their monomers. Amino acids are joined together through peptide bonds to form polypeptides, which then fold into functional proteins.
2. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are composed of monosaccharides as their monomers. Monosaccharides, such as glucose, fructose, and galactose, can combine through glycosidic bonds to form disaccharides (e.g., sucrose) or polysaccharides (e.g., starch or cellulose).
3. Lipids: Lipids do not have a specific monomer-polymer relationship like proteins and carbohydrates. They are a diverse group of molecules, including triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.
4. Nucleic Acids: Nucleic acids consist of nucleotides as their monomers. DNA and RNA are examples of nucleic acids, made up of long chains of nucleotides connected by phosphodiester bonds.