Final answer:
c) Agricultural societies d) Agrarian societies The term used to describe traditional, pre-industrial, low-tech societies is 'Agricultural societies' or 'Agrarian societies'. These societies are categorized as preindustrial and primarily engaged in agriculture before the industrial era, as defined by sociologist Gerhard Lenski Jr.
Step-by-step explanation:
Traditional Societies ClassificationThe term used to describe traditional, pre-industrial, low-tech societies is c) Agricultural societies or d) Agrarian societies. These societies were small, rural, and largely dependent on local resources, with economic production limited to what human labor could provide. Before the development of industrial technologies, these societies primarily engaged in agriculture and had few specialized occupations. The very first occupation was that of hunter-gatherer. On the advancement spectrum defined by sociologist Gerhard Lenski Jr., societies move from preindustrial, like agricultural or agrarian, to industrial and finally to postindustrial, where they are known as information societies or digital societies.
In contrast to agricultural or agrarian societies, postindustrial societies, also referred to as information societies, are a more recent development and are based on the production of information and services rather than material goods.The term used to describe traditional, pre-industrial, low-tech societies is Agrarian societies. Agrarian societies rely heavily on agriculture as the primary means of food production and have limited technology and industrialization. They are characterized by small rural communities and a dependence on local resources.