Final answer:
The holder of a validated GDL Permit who is 21 years of age or older typically has no driving hour restrictions, reflecting the governments' legal discrimination based on age and driving experience for safety purposes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking about the driving hour restrictions for a holder of a validated Graduated Driver's License (GDL) Permit who is 21 years of age or older. The GDL system is a program that provides a phased approach to gaining driving experience and skills.
This program typically includes restrictions on hours during which permit holders can drive, whether they can drive with passengers, and sometimes a requirement to have a certain number of supervised driving hours before receiving a full license. Restrictions can vary from state to state.
However, specific to the question's context, holders of a validated GDL Permit who are 21 or older generally do not have specific time restrictions; thus, the correct option would be 'd) No restrictions apply'.
This reflects the government's role in legally discriminating for safety purposes by imposing certain restrictions on younger, less experienced drivers that do not apply to older individuals who hold the same permit.