Final answer:
The US Navy's victory in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba during the Spanish-American War left the Spanish Navy vulnerable, leading to Spain's defeat in Cuba and the Philippines. Key victories included the U.S. naval blockade in Cuba and the Battle of Manila Bay, led by Commodore Dewey.
Step-by-step explanation:
The battle that rendered the Spanish Navy vulnerable and led to their defeat was Battle of Santiago de Cuba during the Spanish-American War. After the Army's victory on land, the US Navy blockaded the port of Santiago de Cuba, and when the Spanish fleet attempted to escape, they were soundly defeated. This maritime victory secured US control over Cuban waters, leading to the surrender of the Spanish army in Cuba and the further success of American forces in Puerto Rico.
Another historical event was the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. This was a separate and earlier naval battle where the British Royal Navy defeated the Spanish fleet, marking the decline of Spain as a major European power.
In the Philippines, Commodore George Dewey led the U.S. Navy to a decisive victory at the Battle of Manila Bay, effectively crippling Spanish naval capabilities in Asia.