Final answer:
Gallipoli was located in the Ottoman Empire on the Gallipoli Peninsula by the Dardanelles, strategically important for controlling maritime routes. The correct answer is option 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Gallipoli Campaign during World War I was a significant military operation that took place on the Gallipoli Peninsula, located in the European part of the Ottoman Empire. This peninsula lies on the northern side of the Dardanelles, a strait that connects the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara, which in turn is connected to the Black Sea via the Bosporus Strait. The Gallipoli invasion started in 1915 as an Allied attempt to seize control of the straits and knock the Ottoman Empire out of the war, thereby facilitating a new front against Austria-Hungary and Germany.
Controlled by the Ottomans for centuries, the Gallipoli Peninsula was deemed strategically vital for its control over maritime routes. Allied troops composed of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), among others, faced strong resistance from the Ottoman forces, commanded by General Mustafa Kemal, who later became known as Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey. Despite the strenuous efforts, the Allied forces suffered heavy casualties and failed to achieve their objectives, resulting in a retreat. This campaign is memorialized annually on ANZAC Day, on April 25th, particularly in Australia and New Zealand, signifying a burgeoning sense of national identity sparked by their sacrifices at Gallipoli.
In conclusion, Gallipoli was located in the Ottoman Empire and not on the Black Sea, the eastern side of Germany, nor in the northeast part of France.