Final answer:
Ruptured artery plaque can cause blood clots leading to heart attacks or strokes and can create emboli that block smaller arteries. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of arterial plaques from fats and calcium, leading to stiffening and narrowing of the arteries.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hardened and ruptured artery plaque may result in serious cardiovascular events. When a plaque ruptures, it can cause microscopic tears in the artery wall, leading to blood leaking and the formation of a blood clot. These clots can obstruct the artery, potentially causing a heart attack or stroke if occurring in a coronary or cerebral artery. Alternatively, a piece of plaque can break off, becoming an embolus that may travel and block a distant, smaller artery.
Atherosclerosis, commonly known as hardening of the arteries, is characterized by the buildup of plaques, which are composed of cell debris, cholesterol, and other substances. Over time, plaques can harden due to calcium deposits, reducing arterial elasticity and increasing the risk of rupture.
It is important to recognize the risk factors for plaque buildup, such as a high-fat diet and smoking, and take preventive measures to reduce the chances of severe arterial blockages that can lead to cardiovascular disease.