Final answer:
A bent pushrod can be caused by worn cam bearings, a broken timing chain, and a sticking valve, but not by improper valve adjustment.
Step-by-step explanation:
A bent pushrod in an engine can be caused by various factors, but all of the following could cause a bent pushrod except improper valve adjustment. Worn cam bearings, a broken timing chain, and a sticking valve can put excessive pressure on the pushrod, causing it to bend. Improper valve adjustment, on the other hand, does not directly affect the pushrod, but it can lead to other issues such as poor engine performance or valve damage.