Final answer:
Atelectasis can develop after abdominal/thoracoabdominal surgery due to the effects of general anesthesia on breathing muscles. Relaxation of the tongue and impaired respiration during surgery can lead to a blocked airway and collapse of lung tissue. Endotracheal intubation is performed to maintain an open airway, but it takes time for the breathing muscles to regain control, resulting in atelectasis in some patients.
Step-by-step explanation:
After thoracoabdominal or abdominal surgery, atelectasis can develop due to the effects of general anesthesia on the muscles involved in breathing. During surgery, anesthesia can cause relaxation of the tongue, leading to blockage of the airway. Additionally, the muscles responsible for respiration may not function properly, affecting the movement of the diaphragm and chest wall. To mitigate these complications, endotracheal intubation is performed, which involves placing a tube into the trachea to maintain an open airway and prevent the relaxation of the tongue from obstructing the airflow. However, even after the tube is removed, it takes time for the breathing muscles to regain control, resulting in atelectasis in some patients. Atelectasis refers to the collapse or partial collapse of the lung tissue, which can occur when air does not adequately reach all areas of the lungs. This can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and reduced oxygen levels.