Final answer:
Nitrobenzene does not undergo a Friedel-Crafts reaction due to the strong electron-withdrawing nature of the nitro group, which deactivates the benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The compound that does not undergo a Friedel-Crafts reaction among the ones listed is nitrobenzene. This is due to the fact that the nitro group (NO2) is a very strong electron-withdrawing group through resonance and inductive effects, which makes the benzene ring less reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions such as the Friedel-Crafts reaction. The presence of the nitro group on the benzene ring deactivates the ring and hinders the formation of the carbocation intermediate necessary for the reaction to proceed.