Final answer:
Marine biotechnology includes using genetically engineered bacteria for oil spill cleanup and mussel farming for water quality improvement, both contributing to environmental sustainability and economic benefits.
Step-by-step explanation:
Examples of Aquatic/Marine Biotechnology
Aquatic or marine biotechnology is a field within biotechnology that applies to marine and aquatic environments. Two notable examples of this are the use of genetically engineered bacteria to clean up oil spills and the environmentally beneficial cultivation of shellfish to improve water quality.
Oil Spill Cleanup Using Genetically Engineered Bacteria
Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, a population of oil-eating bacteria called Alcanivorax borkumensis increased significantly, aiding in the removal of the oil. Scientists are now focusing on genetic engineering to enhance the efficiency of this bacterium for future oil spill mitigation. This biotechnological advancement can lead to faster cleanup times and less environmental damage following spills.
Mussel Farming for Water Quality Improvement
Another example is improving water quality through mussel farming. Studies have shown that mussels can filter water, thereby reducing nutrient loading and improving the quality of the marine environment. This not only helps in maintaining ecological balance but is also seen as a profitable solution for society, as highlighted by Lindahl et al. in 2005.
Overall, these examples of marine biotechnology not only support environmental sustainability but also provide economic benefits, creating a win-win situation for both nature and human society.