Final answer:
The federal government provides varying amounts of funding to Texas each year, with recent substantial contributions through the American Rescue Plan Act and CARES Act. The majority of education funding, however, comes from state and local governments, despite federal assistance in income security programs through various departments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The amount of federal funding provided to Texas by the federal government varies annually and is aimed at supporting various state programs and responsibilities. Notably, the American Rescue Plan Act passed by Congress and signed by President Biden included a substantial increase in federal aid, contributing $350 billion in direct aid to state, local, and tribal governments. Additionally, the earlier CARES Act, signed by President Trump, established a $150 billion Coronavirus Relief Fund. These funding packages supplemented the traditional federal contributions to individual states.
In terms of education, which is the largest category of state spending in Texas, the majority of funding traditionally comes from state and local levels. For instance, in fiscal year 2014, state and local governments spent about $840 billion on education compared to only $100 billion by the federal government. Federal programs also provide significant aid outside of direct state funding, with departments such as Health and Human Services, Agriculture, and Housing and Urban Development collectively contributing an estimated $62 billion in aid through various income security programs.