Final answer:
Neoliberalism, which endorses market-oriented economic policies, fundamentally contradicts Marxism, which rejects market economies in favor of collective ownership and a classless society. Thus, the claim that neoliberalism is based on Marxist principles is false.
Step-by-step explanation:
The assertion that neoliberalism is based on the Marxist rejection of market-oriented theories of development is false. Neoliberalism, in fact, advocates for market-oriented approaches such as free trade, open markets, and minimal state intervention in the economy. It has its roots in classical liberal thoughts, particularly influenced by economists like Milton Friedman and Friedrich Hayek who were proponents of free market economies. Conversely, Marxism is a critique of capitalism and suggests a completely different economic and societal model where the means of production are collectively owned, aiming for a stateless, classless society. This makes neoliberalism and Marxism fundamentally opposed to each other on ideological grounds.