Final Answer:
Arousal theory maintains that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of alertness. Option a
Step-by-step explanation:
Arousal theory posits that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of alertness or arousal. This theory suggests that people seek an ideal balance between being under-stimulated and overstimulated, aiming to keep their arousal level within a certain range. The concept of optimal arousal implies that individuals may engage in various activities or seek different stimuli to achieve and maintain this preferred level of alertness.
Unlike instinct theory (option a), which emphasizes innate behaviors, and drive theory (option b), which focuses on satisfying physiological needs, arousal theory is concerned with the psychological state of alertness. It recognizes that individuals have different optimal arousal levels, and the pursuit of activities or stimuli is driven by the desire to modulate arousal. While stimulus theory (option d) may seem related, arousal theory is broader, encompassing psychological and physiological aspects of alertness regulation.
The choice of arousal theory as the correct answer aligns with the idea that individuals are not only motivated by biological needs or instincts but also by the psychological need to maintain an optimal level of arousal. This theory provides insights into the diverse ways people seek stimulation, engage in activities, or avoid situations to achieve a state of alertness that feels personally satisfying. Option a