Final answer:
Euphoria is the state of being excessively elated and active, not to be confused with depression, apathy, or anxiety. Melancholy is not one of the seven universal emotions, which are happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, surprise, and contempt. So the correct answer is option (B).
Step-by-step explanation:
An excessively elated and active emotional state is known as b) euphoria. This emotional state is characterized by intense feelings of well-being, happiness, and excitement. It can sometimes be associated with certain psychological or physiological conditions or the use of substances.
In contrast, depression is characterized by persistent sadness and a lack of interest in activities; apathy is a state of indifference; and anxiety is a feeling of worry or fear.
Addressing the reference question, the emotion that is not one of the seven universal emotions described in the chapter is c) melancholy. The seven universal emotions typically referenced in psychological studies include happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, surprise, and contempt. Melancholy, a feeling of deep sadness or sorrow, is not typically listed among these universal emotions.