Final answer:
d) 'Operational definition,' which is a statement that specifies how to measure research variables to ensure consistency and replicability in data collection.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is option d) Operational definition. An operational definition is a statement of the procedures and methods used to define research variables. It involves specifying the exact procedures used to measure a concept so that the concept becomes measurable and quantifiable.
By providing a concrete, systematic process for measurement, operational definitions ensure that all researchers can collect data in a replicable manner. They turn abstract concepts into variables that can be tested and measured within the scope of scientific inquiry, such as experiments or observations.
Operational definition refers to a statement of the procedures used to define research variables. It identifies the observable conditions or steps that are taken to objectively measure the concept being studied. By establishing an operational definition, researchers can collect data in a systematic and replicable manner.