Final answer:
Positive and negative reinforcement and punishment are methods of increasing or decreasing a behavior, involving the administration or giving of a response by a teacher or parent.
Step-by-step explanation:
In operant conditioning, positive and negative reinforcement are methods of increasing a behavior, while positive and negative punishment are methods of decreasing a behavior. Both reinforcement and punishment involve the administration or giving of a response by a teacher or parent. So, the statement is true.
Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior, such as rewarding a child with a toy for cleaning their room. Negative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior, such as stopping an annoying sound when a person fastens their seatbelt.
Positive punishment involves adding an aversive stimulus to decrease a behavior, such as scolding a student for texting in class. Negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus to decrease a behavior, such as taking away a child's favorite toy for misbehavior.