Final answer:
Turman supports his argument by appealing to a shared sense of community and values, employing pathos to engage the audience emotionally. Using ethos and logos may also provide additional strength to an argument through credibility and logical reasoning.
Step-by-step explanation:
The argument by Turman is best described as being supported by appealing to a shared sense of community and values. This approach is known as pathos, which involves appealing to the audience's feelings to bolster the argument. Turman likely seeks to evoke shared emotions, such as pride, belonging, or concern for the community, which can be a potent tool in persuading the audience. For example, by highlighting the community's shared experiences or by emphasizing common values, Turman can strengthen his argument and engage the audience on an emotional level.
Other types of support that may be used in arguments include ethos, which relies on establishing the speaker's credibility, and logos, which is grounded in logical reasoning and evidence. An example of ethos might be the mention of a relevant expertise or experience, such as the claim that roommates have tried all other pizzerias in town and are therefore knowledgeable about the subject. On the other hand, logos could be demonstrated by presenting hard data or rational arguments to persuade the audience, as seen in Johnson's use of patriotic ideals or Desmond's statistical research to end poverty. These varied appeals play on different aspects of persuasion, aiming to establish trust, evoke emotion, or promote logical understanding.