Final answer:
Under federalism, states retain certain powers while sharing sovereignty with the national government. The necessary and proper clause actually expands the national government's power. The Antifederalists were not proponents of federalism during the ratification debates.
Step-by-step explanation:
Under federalism, states do not surrender all their powers to the national government. Instead, the powers are divided between the national government and the states, creating a balance of power. Some powers are exclusive to the national government, such as negotiating treaties, while others are reserved for the states, like setting and enforcing driving laws. This system is designed to allow for both decentralized and centralized governance, and the Constitution does not dictate how all policy matters are to be handled, leading to an evolution of federalism over time. The necessary and proper clause actually has expanded the power of the national government rather than limiting it, as it allows for the creation of laws deemed necessary and proper for executing its powers.
In response to the review question, the most accurate statement about federal and unitary systems is that in a federal system, the constitution allocates powers between states and the federal government, and in a unitary system, powers are lodged in the national government (option b). As for exercise 9.3.3, during ratification debates, the Antifederalists wanting more state sovereignty, were not the proponents of federalism; hence, the statement is false.