Final answer:
The statement 'Encephal means neck' is false; the prefix 'encephal' actually refers to the brain. The term 'encephalization' describes the evolutionary increase in brain size, particularly evident in humans, and the brain is a complex organ responsible for numerous functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The prefix ‘encephal’ does not mean ‘neck;’ it is derived from the Greek word ‘enkephalon,’ which means ‘brain.’ Therefore, the statement ‘Encephal means neck’ is False. Encephalization refers to the increase in brain size over time, particularly in relation to body size, and is measured by the encephalization quotient, which is a ratio between brain and body size. This process is significant in humans, where the brain, especially the neocortex, has developed disproportionately larger compared to other species. The brain is a central nervous system organ contained within the skull and includes structures such as the cerebral cortex, limbic system, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, brainstem, and retinas. These structures are responsible for various functions ranging from higher cognitive functions to autonomic processes.