Final answer:
Surgical treatments for acute arterial occlusion include angioplasty, where a balloon-tipped catheter is used to widen the occlusion, and coronary bypass surgery, which uses a graft to bypass the blocked artery. A stent is often placed during angioplasty to keep the artery open.
Step-by-step explanation:
The surgical treatment for acute arterial occlusion primarily involves procedures such as angioplasty and coronary bypass surgery. In angioplasty, a catheter with a balloon at the tip is inserted into the narrowed vessel. When the balloon is inflated, it compresses the plaque against the artery wall, widening the occlusion. Often, a stent is placed to keep the artery open post-procedure. Alternatively, if angioplasty is not suitable, a coronary bypass surgery is performed where a graft is used to divert blood flow around the blocked artery. These treatments, along with lifestyle changes and medication, are crucial for restoring blood flow and preventing further complications such as myocardial infarction (MI).