Final Answer:
In the scenario where Sam, who is deaf, makes the manual sign for "candy," and Billy responds by giving him candy, this closely resembles a Mand verbal operant. In behavior analysis, a Mand involves making a request or expressing a need, and the appropriate response results in the fulfillment of that need or request.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept of verbal operants, as outlined by B.F. Skinner in behavior analysis, categorizes language functions into different classes, one of which is the Mand. A Mand is a verbal behavior where an individual makes a request or communicates a need, and the response to that request or need is provided by another person.
In the given scenario, Sam's manual sign for "candy" serves as a clear example of a Mand operant. By signing for candy, Sam is expressing a desire or need for candy.
Billy's action of giving Sam the candy functions as the appropriate response to Sam's Mand. The fulfillment of the request reinforces the communicative behavior. This operant conditioning process strengthens the association between making the request (Mand) and receiving the desired outcome, promoting effective communication.
Understanding verbal operants, including Mands, is crucial in applied behavior analysis, particularly in areas like communication training for individuals with communication challenges, such as those who are deaf or non-verbal.
In this scenario, the exchange between Billy and Sam illustrates the functional and communicative nature of Mands in facilitating effective interaction.