Final answer:
Scientists use different types of models to visualize, simulate, and calculate phenomena that are too complex, too large, too small, or impossible to observe directly. Physical, computer, and mathematical models enable the study of celestial mechanics, aerodynamics, and gravitational forces, accordingly.
Step-by-step explanation:
Scientists often employ different models to explain and predict phenomena that are too complex or impossible to observe directly. Models like these serve various purposes in the scientific community.
- A physical model of the solar system helps to visualize and teach the positions and movements of planets and other celestial objects in a way that we can easily grasp and manipulate.
- A computer model of airplane aerodynamics allows engineers to simulate and study the behavior of air around aircraft shapes, helping to improve design and efficiency.
- A mathematical model of the force of attraction between two objects, such as Newton's law of universal gravitation, provides a way to calculate gravitational forces without needing to observe the actual objects, which might be impractically distant or massive.
Through these varying approaches, from the simplicity of physical models to the sophisticated algorithms in computer simulations and the predictive power of mathematical equations, scientists and engineers can understand, explain, and predict behaviors and designs effectively within the constraints of what is practical or observable.