Final answer:
Experimental errors affecting the density of a penny can include inaccurate measurements of mass and volume, impurities, and environmental factors. Misreadings in water displacement and not accounting for temperature variations are specific examples of such errors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to identifying the experimental errors that could result in a discrepancy between the experimental density and the accepted density of a penny. Experimental errors can arise from a variety of sources when determining the density of an object. Some common errors include inaccurate measurements of mass and volume, impurities on the surface or within the substance being measured, and environmental factors such as temperature and air pressure that can affect the density. For instance, if the scale used to measure the penny's mass is not properly calibrated, this would lead to an incorrect mass measurement, thereby affecting the calculated density. Similarly, if the volume is measured using water displacement, errors could occur if the penny is not fully submerged, or if the water level is not read correctly due to parallax error.
In the experiment of measuring density using water displacement, as described in EXAMPLE 1.7, the piece of rebar is weighed before submersion, and the water level rise is observed to calculate volume. Any misreading of the initial or final water levels, not accounting for the temperature of the water that might affect its density, or ignoring the buoyant force on the submerged object would result in incorrect volume calculations.