Final answer:
A primary key is the term used to uniquely identify a record in a database table, essential for establishing entity integrity and distinguishing records.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that denotes a data value used to uniquely identify a record in a table or relation is a) Primary key. A primary key is a unique identifier for a record in a database table, ensuring that each record can be uniquely distinguished from all others in the table. It is a critical component of database design and is used to establish and enforce entity integrity.
Exploring the other options, a foreign key is used to link two tables together, a composite key is made up of two or more attributes that together uniquely identify a record, and a secondary key refers to a field that is not the primary key but is still used for indexing and retrieval.