Final answer:
Astronomers have developed new ideas about the origins of our universe, and they collaborate in the field of astrobiology with other scientists to study cosmic phenomena.
Step-by-step explanation:
The category of Earth scientists who have come up with new ideas about the origins of our universe is (C) astronomers. Astronomers employ a multidisciplinary approach, integrating knowledge from various scientific fields to understand the cosmos. The related field of astrobiology, also known as exobiology or bioastronomy, involves collaboration between astronomers, planetary scientists, chemists, geologists, and biologists to study the origin, evolution, distribution, and ultimate fate of life in the universe.
Astronomy is unique among the sciences because it relies on observations made at a distance. Astronomers cannot manipulate stars and galaxies in a lab as a biologist or chemist might with their samples. Instead, they interpret the light from celestial bodies to understand the universe's history, including its formation and the evolution of galaxies.