Final answer:
The visible surface of the Sun, situated above the sun's interior and below the chromosphere, is called the photosphere.
Step-by-step explanation:
The visible surface of the Sun, lying just above the uppermost layer of the Sun's interior and just below the chromosphere, is the photosphere.
The photosphere is the layer where the Sun becomes opaque, marking the boundary past which we cannot see. It's a part of the solar atmosphere that we see as the 'surface' of the Sun, with temperatures ranging from 4500 K to about 6800 K. Just above the photosphere is the chromosphere, and the outermost part of the solar atmosphere is the corona.