Final answer:
The process that adds a monosaccharide is known as glycosylation. It involves attaching a sugar molecule to another molecule and is distinct from transcription, translation, and replication.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process that adds a monosaccharide is called glycosylation. This biological process typically involves attaching a sugar molecule, such as a monosaccharide, to another molecule like a protein or lipid. Glycosylation is a form of post-translational modification that can affect a molecule's function, stability, and cell-to-cell recognition.
Addressing the other options, transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA), translation is the process that converts or translates an mRNA message into a polypeptide, and replication involves making a copy of an entire DNA molecule.
For the secondary information provided:
- Catabolic processes are those that break down complex molecules into simpler ones, providing energy. An example of a catabolic process is the digestion of sucrose.
- The chemical formula C6H12O6 represents glucose, which is a hexose monosaccharide.
- DNA replication is an anabolic process, as it involves the synthesis of new DNA molecules from monomers.