Final answer:
The correct answer is option (c) Behavioral evolution, which describes the natural selection process that leads to adaptations aiding survival and reproduction in organisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
This term refers to the process by which species evolve over time, exhibiting physical or behavioral traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the face of environmental challenges. For example, the beak size of Darwin's finches changes in response to the availability of different-sized seeds, a phenomenon that is a result of natural selection.
In the context of reproductive strategies, organisms have evolved various approaches to maximize their reproductive success which may include when and how often they reproduce, the quantity and care of offspring. This is in relation to their life history strategy, which is shaped through natural selection to adapt to their environment to secure the resources needed for successful reproduction. An example of a behavioral response to the environment is the way flies adjust their energy distribution based on weather conditions favoring either bodily reserves or reproduction.