Final answer:
Amino acids are categorized based on their side chains' properties such as polarity, charge, and hydrophobicity. This classification affects protein structure and function, as different properties can lead to varied protein interactions and stability.
Yhe Correct Option is; C. Amino acids are categorized by their chemical properties such as polarity, charge, and hydrophobicity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Amino acids are classified by their chemical properties such as polarity, charge, and hydrophobicity. This classification stems from the chemical composition and properties of their side chains, also known as R groups.
Based on the nature of the R group at neutral pH, amino acids can be categorized into four distinct groups: those with nonpolar, polar but uncharged, negatively charged, and positively charged functional groups. For example, amino acids with nonpolar R groups include leucine and phenylalanine, while those with negatively charged R groups include aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
Conclusively, the correct answer to the student's question is C. Amino acids are categorized by their chemical properties such as polarity, charge, and hydrophobicity.
The physical and chemical properties of proteins are profoundly affected by the unique characteristics of the amino acids that comprise them.
Different side chains on their α-carbons lead to a wide variety of amino acids with specific properties, and these can determine the protein’s function. For instance, the presence of hydrophobic amino acids within a protein can affect its folding and stability within cellular environments.