Final answer:
Microwave technology is the component of COMSEC security that enables the US government to transmit signals over unsecured communication paths.
Step-by-step explanation:
The component of COMSEC security that allows the US government to transmit a wide range of signals over unsecured communication paths is microwave technology. Microwaves, which are high-frequency electromagnetic waves, enable the transmission of information quickly and efficiently. They are commonly used in satellite communications and long-distance transmissions. A clear line of sight is required between the transmitter and receiver for microwave transmissions to be successful.