Final answer:
Fifth disease, or erythema infectiosum, is a viral infection caused by parvovirus B19, marked by a 'slapped cheek' rash and flu-like symptoms. It primarily affects children and is transmitted through respiratory secretions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Erythema infectiosum, commonly known as fifth disease, is a viral infection caused by parvovirus B19. This contagious illness is particularly prevalent in children and is characterized by a rash, which typically involves a distinctive red facial rash or 'slapped cheek' appearance. Fifth disease can also show cold-like symptoms such as headache, fever, and upset stomach early in the infection. The rash may then spread to other parts of the body and can fluctuate in appearance over several weeks before resolving.
Differentiating between viral skin infections is important for diagnosis and treatment. For example, roseola, often caused by human herpesvirus-6, also affects children but presents with a high fever and a pink, patchy rash that begins on the trunk. Understanding the symptoms and causative agents of fifth disease compared to similar infections is crucial for accurate identification and management of the illness.
The final answer to the original question is option 1: A viral infection caused by parvovirus B19. This conclusion is supported by common traits of viral skin infections and their presentations, as well as the specific attributes and transmission routes of fifth disease.