Final answer:
Single-axis tracking increases insolation by optimizing the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's path. This adjustment can provide a significant boost in solar potential and annual yield compared to fixed-tilt panels, especially in regions with clear skies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Single-axis tracking can significantly increase insolation amounts throughout the year. By adjusting panels to track the sun's movement, we optimize the solar energy received on a daily basis. For instance, in areas like the desert southwest of the United States, where skies are often cloud-free, single-axis tracking provides a substantial boost in solar potential over flat panels. This is highlighted in contrasting findings of flat panels versus tracking panels in solar studies. Panel orientation and the ability to adjust to the sun's position can lead to variations in insolation and the annual yield of solar energy.
According to a 30-year study by the National Renewable Energy Lab, tilting panels at the site latitude delivers an annual average of 4.8 kWh/m²/day. While this orientation is effective, single-axis tracking systems, which adjust the tilt of panels throughout the seasons to face the sun directly, can provide even higher averages, effectively increasing the energy collected compared to the best fixed-tilt performance, depending on the specific locality and weather conditions. Given the importance of panel orientation and tracking, engineering and energy production optimization must consider seasonal changes and the angle of sunlight, two key factor-of-2 effects. This understanding ensures efficiency in harnessing the power of the sun for solar energy solutions.