Final answer:
Extrusion of magma is NOT associated with sedimentary rocks; it is a process related to the formation of igneous rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed through weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation of particle debris.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which option is NOT associated with sedimentary rocks. The main answer to this question is option 3) extrusion of magma. Sedimentary rocks are typically composed of particle debris from other rocks that undergo weathering and erosion, followed by transport and deposition. Common processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rocks include weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation. These rocks often contain stratification, which refers to the layers of sediment that accumulate over time, as well as fossils, such as the skeletal remains of coral. However, the extrusion of magma is associated with igneous rocks, which form from the cooling and crystallization of molten material, rather than the compaction and cementation of sediments.