Final answer:
In Anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate, while in Anaphase II, sister chromatids separate.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anaphase I of meiosis is characterized by the separation of homologous chromosomes. During this phase, the spindle fibers shorten and the chromosomes of each homologous pair start to separate from each other. One chromosome of each pair moves toward one pole of the cell, and the other chromosome moves toward the opposite pole.
Anaphase II of meiosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids. In this phase, the sister chromatids, which were formed during DNA replication, separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.